Food and mental health are closely related. What I present here is a list of diet-related ideas that may help to manage bipolar disorder. It's compiled from my own experience and internet resources. This list is not intended to be a weight loss program, although I do recognise that many medications make weight gain a familiar problem.
1. Keep meals regular
Routine is key to managing bipolar disorder and eating at set times each day can really help with your mood. Having three meals spread out throughout the day will help to keep your mind and body stable, ironing out the peaks and troughs that occur when you skip meals.
2. Eat home-cooked meals
Most ready meals and takeaway foods are packed with badness that could be avoided with a little home cooking. Unfortunately preparing a healthy meal can seem daunting unless you're feeling really stable. One solution I've found is to cook with another person such as a friend or family member - it takes away the pressure but helps keep you active. Another solution is to cook enough for two when you're feeling well (it's really not that harder than cooking for one) and either save half for tomorrow or feed somebody who will be happy to cook for you when you're in need.
3. Balance your blood sugar
The more uneven your blood sugar supply the more uneven your mood and the sudden peaks caused by junk food can cause unwelcome highs and lows. It's best to eat foods which provide a slow release of sugars, e.g. whole foods, fruits and vegetables. Although our meds often demand sweet food, it's best to avoid caffeine, sugar and refined carbohydrates, if possible!
Note: If you really can't part with chocolate, try replacing low quality snacks like Smarties or Mars Bars with Green & Blacks chocolate which is at least free from nasty additives and offers a range with high cocoa content (thus less sugar).
4. Avoid alcohol
In addition to the effects it has on your blood sugar, alcohol can accelerate mood changes and despite it's tendency to lower inhibitions, is ultimately a depressant. Whilst nobody likes a hangover, one can cause bipolar people to get out of routine prolonging the negative aftereffects of drinking. Alcohol also interacts with many psychiatric medications and is therefore best avoided all round.
5. Omega-3 oils
Found in fish, these oils are thought to have a profound impact on mood. Countries with populations which eat more fish have been found to have lower incidence of depression. However there are vegetarian alternatives such as flaxseed oil and walnuts.
6. Up your magnesium
Magnesium is important for the regulation of impulses in the nervous system and neurotransmitter production. Psych Central recommends whole grains, legumes and especially dark green leafy vegetables. Pumpkin seeds and salmon also have magnesium.
7. Up your Calcium
Calcium and magnesium work together to regulate the nervous system so if you increase your magnesium intake, you'll need a little more calcium. It's found in high quantities in dairy but you can find it in many other foods such as seaweeds, nuts, seeds, beans and oranges.
8. Seek out Vitamin B
Depression, anxiety, and fatigue can result from vitamin B deficiencies. The Bs have a generally energizing effect and help build up the immune system.
B1 (thiamine) can be found in yeast, liver and cereal grains and depletion is associated with emotional disturbances.
B3 (niacin) tends to be found in foods that are good sources of protein such as red meat, poultry, fish and nuts, although potatoes, pasta and yeast extract also contain this vitamin. Deficiency can cause irritability and insomnia.
B6 (pyridoxine) Good sources include meats, whole grain products, vegetables, and nuts. Low levels can lead to depression.
B12 (cobalamin) Is found in virtually all meats but also in milk, cheese, eggs, yeast extract, some fortified breakfast cereals and seaweed. It helps the body turn food into energy and also helps with cognitive deficits.
9. Schedule your grocery shopping to best fit your needs
It's always good to have some no-nonsense foods in the cupboard for days when you really can't face going to the shops, such as eggs, cans of soup and frozen ready meals. However, if you have the chance, shopping for groceries on a daily basis can helps to combat an unpredictable appetite. Whilst it's not a good idea to let your moods dictate exactly what and when you eat, frequent shops give you a wider variety of options. Perhaps you didn't think you could face eating until you were standing right in front of the bacon section, or on another day, the fresh pasta isle.
10. Check for food allergies and intolerances
Food intolerances can affect your mental health as well as your physical wellbeing and it's always worth being open to the possibility that removing one or two problem foods from your diet could have a positive impact on your mental stability.
Sources:
Food for the brain
Mental Health Santuary
Psych Central
Weight Loss Resources